Solar panels do indeed produce both voltage and current, but the specific amount of voltage and current generated depends on several factors, including the design of the solar panel, the intensity of sunlight, and the electrical load connected to the panel.

1. Photovoltaic Effect: Solar panels generate electricity through a phenomenon known as the photovoltaic effect. When sunlight (composed of photons) strikes the surface of a solar panel, it excites the electrons in the panel’s semiconductor material. This excitation creates an electron-hole pair, which generates an electric current.
2. Voltage Generation: The voltage across a solar panel is created by the built-in electric field within the semiconductor material. This field helps separate the excited electrons and holes, creating a potential difference (voltage) between the two ends of the panel. This voltage is typically referred to as the open-circuit voltage (Voc) and is measured when no electrical load is connected to the panel.
3. Current Generation: The flow of electrons due to the electron-hole pairs generated by sunlight creates an electric current. This current is typically referred to as the short-circuit current (Isc) and is measured when the output terminals of the solar panel are short-circuited, i.e., connected directly with a wire.
4. Load-Dependent Output: When you connect an electrical load (such as a battery, inverter, or other devices) to the solar panel, the voltage and current values change depending on the electrical characteristics of the load. The solar panel will adjust its output voltage and current to match the requirements of the connected load.

In summary, solar panels do produce both voltage and current, but the specific values depend on the conditions and load connected to the panel. When measuring voltage or current in a solar panel, it’s important to consider whether the panel is in an open-circuit (no load) or short-circuit (directly connected load) condition, as these measurements provide different information about the panel’s performance.