The decision to install solar panels on the roof or on the ground depends on various factors, and the efficiency considerations involve a combination of energy production, cost, and available space.

1. Space Availability:

• Rooftop installations are ideal when ground space is limited. If you have a large, unobstructed area on the ground, ground-mounted solar panels may be more suitable.

2. Orientation and Tilt:

• Rooftop installations are limited by the orientation and pitch of the roof. Ground-mounted systems can be optimized for the best tilt and orientation to maximize sunlight exposure.

3. Shading:

• Rooftop installations may be subject to shading from nearby structures or vegetation, which can reduce energy production. Ground-mounted systems can be positioned to avoid shading issues.

4. Installation Costs:

• Rooftop installations often have lower installation costs since they utilize existing structures. Ground-mounted systems may require additional infrastructure, such as support structures and foundations.

5. Maintenance Access:

• Rooftop installations may be more challenging to access for maintenance and cleaning. Ground-mounted systems are typically easier to maintain and clean.

6. Aesthetics:

• Rooftop installations are less visible and may be preferred for aesthetic reasons. Ground-mounted systems can be more noticeable but may offer design flexibility.

7. Cooling Effects:

• Rooftop installations benefit from the cooling effect of the building beneath them, which can improve solar panel efficiency. Ground-mounted systems may have slightly higher operating temperatures.

8. Local Regulations and Zoning:

• Local regulations and zoning restrictions may impact the feasibility of rooftop or ground-mounted installations. Some areas may have restrictions on the height or size of ground-mounted systems.

9. Solar Panel Mounting Systems:

• Advances in solar panel mounting technology allow for tracking systems in ground-mounted installations, which can follow the sun’s path for increased efficiency. Rooftop installations may not have this capability.

10. Land Use: – Ground-mounted systems require additional land, which may not be practical in densely populated areas. Rooftop installations use existing structures and do not consume additional land.

In terms of efficiency in energy production per square meter, ground-mounted systems can potentially be more efficient due to better positioning for sunlight exposure and the ability to incorporate tracking systems. However, the overall efficiency and cost-effectiveness depend on the specific conditions and constraints of the installation site. It’s recommended to conduct a site assessment to determine the most suitable option based on the factors mentioned above.